Education, Training and Knowledge Requirements: A bachelor’s degree in biology, biochemistry or chemistry, followed by specialized training in graduate school is the typical educational requirements for a career in this field. Many begin their career as research assistants or biochemist technicians. Research and teaching positions would require a doctoral degree in biochemistry. If a position involves research about human beings or pharmaceuticals, one should obtain a degree of doctor of medicine (M.D.).

Skills & Abilities: To become successful in biochemistry, one should possess excellent research and problem-solving skills, excellent written and verbal communication skills; excellent critical thinking, reading comprehension and active learning; advanced knowledge in science and its principles; and proficiency in computer programs.

Duties: The tasks of a biochemist include but are not limited to studying chemistry of living processes; researching methods of transferring characteristics from one organism to another; examining chemical aspects of formation of antibodies; developing and executing tests to determine genetic disorders, disease or physical abnormalities; developing and testing new drugs; analyzing foods to determine nutritional value; designing and developing lab equipments; cleaning, purifying, refining and preparing pharmaceutical compounds before commercial distribution; as well as developing methods to use in the processing, storage and use of drugs, food and other chemical compounds.

A professional in this field also prepares reports and recommendations based on their extensive research; identifies vitamins, minerals, allergens, hormones or enzymes and determines their effects on body functions.

Earnings & Job Outlook: Biochemists find work in the brewing industry, health and beauty care, chemical manufacturing companies, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, research and lab, agriculture, hospitals, universities, government agencies and other industries. Employment growth in biochemistry is expected to increase as fast as average through 2014 as new developments in the field continues to drive job growth. In 2004, median salary in this field is at $69,000 per year. Those with Master’s and doctoral degrees receive higher earnings.

In general, layout technicians are types of workers responsible for laying out reference points and dimensions on materials and objects such as metal or plastic stock or metal or plastic made work pieces, such as sheets, plates, or even several machine parts, for further processing. Shipfitters are also included. They are the ones to fit those measured pieces to be welded or assembled onto the frame or the bigger object pieces.

EDUCATION, KNOWLEDGE AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

There is no required high educational attainment to become a layout technician. The most common level of education for this position however, is a high school diploma or simply put, a GED. A person can expect to  undergo only a short period of skills training to become a layout technician more especially ,if he/she  already completed a secondary school diploma. In the state of California, there are a total of twenty-four schools of higher education more specifically in the area of Fresno, already including two other schools within twenty-five miles of Fresno approximately, where an applicant can get a degree and training so as to get started to a layout technician career.


ABILITIES AND SKILLS

A layout technician must have the following skills: he/she should be detail-oriented, meaning to say that he sees minute details of every project at a very fine level of focus. Patience is also a virtue in this work, as he should be dealing with a continuous task of measuring and marking layout points. He/ She must be able to visualize images of how things come together before the processing and post procedure and take note of the accuracy of the specifications on different objects made of differnt materials depending on the projects.at hand. He has to be organized in dealing with the processes associated with the job.

DUTIES

More than measuring and marking or simply laying our reference points on different materials and their pieces, layout technicians also fit and align these components to be secured or welded , or assembled. They also do lifting as well as positioning of several workpieces,  in relation to the surface plates. This can be done manually or with the help of and/or within hoists. Also, equally important as the other tasks , layout technicians have to lay out and fabricate metal structural components such as plates and frames. Finally, they mark significant curves and welding symbols onto workpieces. This can be accomplished with the use of scribes, soapstones, punches, even hand drills. In addition, they also suggest, fomulate and afterwards develop layouts from blueprints and templates. This task needs an application of knowledge in mathematics such as Trigonometry, general layout, physics such as the  effects of heat, and chemistry such as the  properties of metals.

EARNINGS AND JOB OUTLOOK

As mentioned above, the requirements and trainings invloved are not difficult to attain. Therefore, the income set for the services rendered by a layout techinician is not expected to equal that of the professionals. The average income of a layout technician is about $13 on an hourly basis or  in total,  $27,990 annually. This estimate is based on the income census in California. In the U.S. as a whole, the income is about $16 on an hourly basis or in total, $34,920 annually, on the average.

In the field of Law, just like in the field of Medicine, there are specializations where practice of the profession can be focused. In situations such as a deceased person will have to declare beneficiaries of his estate as well as go through the process of transferring properties and all the legalities included in it, the probate lawyer will be the one to handle this. In short, a probate lawyer is a type of an attorney who specializes in the settlement and planning of estates while the deceased person or the decadent is still living or even after death. He facilitates the probate process and is involved in the creation or drafting of wills, deeds of trusts and associalted legal documents pertaining to property inheritance.

EDUCATION, KNOWLEDGE AND TRAININGS REQUIRED

It is not easy to acquire a tiltle of a probate lawyer. An aspiring candidate to be lawyer must first take a pre law degree. Pre law degree  are courses that can be useful should one wants to advance to a Law school after. . This includes BS Political Science, BS Communicaton Technology, BS Economics, and many others which will vary on the state law and specific country of application. After passing a pre law degree, there is another gate to pass which is the law entrance examination which requires a minimum of satisfacroty rating before beign recommneded to a specific law school. Upon entering the law school, all the instruction, and the trainings will be learned, As a partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation, an on the job training wtih a certain number of hours of training on a law firm must be completed. This will also correspond to the number of cases handled and dictate how prepared the applicant to take the bar examination. The bar examination is required to obtain a  license. If a candidate aspires to become a probate lawyer in specific, he has to take trainings and work in a probate law firm. There are also some states that require probate lawyers to pass a separate ethics examination.

ABILITIES AND SKILLS

The skills and abilities needed are those that are within the scope of the expertise of  being a lawyer in general. It is a must that he is proficient in  the language of use,  and should have a very good and strong communication skills. The skills in data gathering such as interviewing and questioning are needed. Analytical thinking is also a must such that he shoud be able to consolidate and correlate events and the involved legalities in the situation. Interpersonal skills as well as the ability to negotiate with different types of individuals are also needed. In addition, so as not to get rusty with the practice, he must involve himself and complete regular continuing legal education for the maintainace of the license. This is also helpful so as to keep their skills and knowledge updated and  current, and stay up to date with advancements within the field of practice.

DUTIES

Probate lawyers handle a variety of cases that pertain to the issues related to inheritance of properties of  the deceased. They deal with the legal process of creation and validation of wills, the inventory and organization of the assets and liabilities with the help of the executors. THhey should also ensure thalt all the outstanding  debts and state taxes are settled completely. They help assign, locate or determine , and verify who is entitled to the estate and assets of the decadent. They serve as a legal representation of the client in court.
EARNINGS AND JOB OUTLOOK

The earnings of a probate lawyer can come from two sources. It can come from the salary beign recived as an employed lawyer in a probate firm, or from a self emplyed practie. As of the early 2010, the average annual salary for probate lawyers is around $45,000. The salary also depends on several factorss: the state of practice, the firm where the attorney is employed and the years of experience dictating the expertise in the field. With the growing and aging population and increasing probate cases , the demand for this service will definitely drive job growth for probate lawyers.

A laminator is a kind of a worker whose main task is to  glue rubberized fabric and foam to form sections of inflatable buidings. He measures and cuts strips of fabric to specified length using tape measure and knife accurately before the application to the specific parts.

EDUCATION, KNOWLEDGE AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS:

New laminators are normally considered as entry-level employees. The ability to do accurate work at a rapid pace and to follow detailed instructions are key job requirements. A high school diploma is preferred for most positions. Applicants need specialized training for some lamination jobs. Other companies require only on-the-job training, sometimes including employer-sponsored classroom instruction, in the broad range of lamination duties that employees may be required to perform.

ABILITIES AND SKILLS

Laminators are required to have a good eyesight, with or without glasses, especially those who work with small parts. Manual dexterity is a must skill since in this work, we deal measuring and cutting materials and applying orsecuring them to specific locations.Also, the ability to carry out complex, repetitive tasks quickly and methodically also are important.

DUTIES

A laminator glues rubberized fabric and foam to form sections of inflatable buildings. He measures and cuts strips of fabric to specified length, using tape measure and a sharp knife or cutter. He cleans edges of fabric with solvent and glues strips of fabric together, overlapping edges for specified size. He cleans strip of joined fabric with solvent, and applies glue to strip of foam and fabric, working as member of crew. He fits glued sections together, and repeats process until fabric is covered with foam. He applies glue to other side of foam and to other strip of fabric. He attaches fabric to foam by hand or uses hand roller while crewmember holds and guides fabric. He trims rubberized fabric to specified size, and cuts openings for doors and windows, using template and knife. Inserts metal framed doors and windows in openings. He cleans and attaches edges of frame and fabric, using solvent and tape.

EARNINGS AND JOB OUTLOOK: 

In U.S., the annual average salary for laminators would range from $25,218 to $42,190. The rate on an hourly basis depends on the location or the state, the number of years of experience dictating one's proficiency in accomplishing duty related tasks, and the company of employment.

Legal investigators are staff that specialize in cases involving the courts and are normally employed any law firms or by privately practicing lawyers. They frequently assist in preparing criminal defenses, locating witnesses, serving legal documents, interviewing police and prospective witnesses, and gathering and reviewing evidence. Legal investigators also may collect information on the parties to the litigation, take photographs, testify in court, and assemble evidence and reports for trials.

EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS:

There are no formal education requirements for most legal investigator jobs, although many legal investigators have college degrees. Almost all legal investigators have previous experience in other occupations. Some work initially for insurance or collections companies or in the private security industry. Many legal investigators enter the field after serving in law enforcement, the military, government auditing and investigative positions, or Federal intelligence jobs. The majority of the States and the District of Colombia require investigators to be licensed. Licensing requirements vary widely, but convicted felons cannot receive a license in most States and a growing number of States are enacting mandatory training programs for investigators. Some States have few requirements, and 6 States - Alabama, Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Mississippi, and South Dakota-have no statewide licensing requirements while others have stringent regulations. For example, the Bureau of Security and Investigative Services of the California Department of Consumer Affairs requires them to be 18 years of age or older; have a combination of education in police science, criminal law, or justice, and experience equaling 3 years (6,000 hours) of investigative experience; pass an evaluation by the Federal Department of Justice and a criminal history background check; and receive a qualifying score on a 2-hour written examination covering laws and regulations.

ABILITIES AND SKILLS:

Persistence is a very important attribute for legal investigators. They often work irregular hours because of the need to conduct surveillance and contact people who are not available during normal working hours. Early morning, evening, weekend, and holiday work is common. Many legal investigators spend time away from their offices conducting interviews or doing surveillance, but some work in their office most of the day conducting computer searches and making phone calls. When working on a case away from the office, the environment might range from plush boardrooms to seedy bars. Store and hotel detectives work in the businesses that they protect.  Legal investigators generally work alone, but they sometimes work with others during surveillance or when following a subject in order to avoid detection by the subject.

DUTIES

Legal investigators use many means to determine the facts in a variety of matters. To carry out investigations, they may use various types of surveillance or searches. To verify facts, such as an individual's place of employment or income, they may make phone calls or visit a subject's workplace. In other cases, especially those involving missing persons and background checks, legal investigators often interview people to gather as much information as possible about an individual. In all cases, legal investigators assist attorneys, businesses, and the public with a variety of legal, financial, and personal problems.
They offer many services, including executive, corporate, and celebrity protection; pre-employment verification; and individual background profiles. They also provide assistance in civil liability and personal injury cases, insurance claims and fraud, child custody and protection cases, and premarital screening. Increasingly, they are hired to investigate individuals to prove or disprove infidelity.

EARNINGS AND JOB OUTLOOK:

In U.S., the national average salary for a legal investigator is approximately $50,614. This may vary depending on the location, level of experience and the projects basis extra earnings or comissions.

The leak tester in semiconductor packages are workers of companies whose tasks is to test equipment that leaks in semiconductor packages. I can be accomplished by loading tubes containing semiconductor packages into canister.

EDUCATION, TRAININGS AND CERTIFICATION REQUIRED:

In order to land a job as a leak tester in semiconductor packages, he must be a high school graduate and has a progressive responsible experience taken from the same industry.

ABILITIES AND SKILLS:

  A leak tester in semiconductor packages must have strong critical thinking skills. He/She should make use of his/her logic to identify the strengths and weaknesses of different and alternative solutions, to his tests or subjects so as to draw an accurate result. Also, integrity in releasing resultts is a must. otherwise the tests wiill jsut be useless if eery after a testing activity, the stpes made are not conducted  objectively. Also, being able to draw correct conclusions or approaches to challenges and difficulties encountered in conducting his job is indeed a good skill to develop. On the sensory and technical aspect, he must have a near vision to see the details of the tests at a close range.

DUTIES

Leak testers in semiconductor packages place loaded canister in equipment that replaces air in canister with liquid freon or flushes canister with radioactive isotopes. They push buttons and flip switches to activate equipment. They remove loaded canister and places either canister or tube of semiconductor packages in leak testing equipment, such as bubble pot or Geiger counter tank, that detects gross and fine leaks in semiconductor packages. They inspect tube of packages in bubble pot, using magnifying glass, to identify packages with bubbles, indicating gross leaks. They observe control panel of Geiger counter tank to identify radioactive semiconductor packages, indicating fine leaks. They remove tubes and canisters from leak detection equipment and places defective semiconductor packages in containers, using tweezers. They place accepted semiconductor packages in tubes, using tweezers. And they maintain production records.

EARNINGS AND JOB OUTLOOK

The salary rate for a leak tester in semiconductor industry is average as compared to that of the other professions. In the U.S., specifically in Paramount, California, the average salary is $44,000. Average leak tester in semiconductor packages salaries can vary greatly due to company, location, industry, experience and benefits.

A laboratory technician in blood and plasma are allied heathcare professionals who perform routine medical laboratory tests for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. He/ She may work under the supervision of a medical technologist.

EDUCATION, KNOWLEDGE AND TRAININGS REQUIRED

An education is required in order to become a laboratory technician in blood and plasma. Laboratory technicians in blood and plasma usually have a bachelor’s degree with a major in medical technology or in one of the life sciences; they generally need either an associate degree or a certificate.

ABILITIES  AND SKILLS

One of the most important skills for a laboratory technician in blood and plasma is the ability to problem solve. He/She is responsible for running tests which are too routine for doctors or nurses, and those higher up medical professional don’t appreciate being called down to the lab whenever something goes wrong. Therfore, he/ she must take the initiative and find solutions to problems as they occur. Likewise,  attention to detail and the ability to focus are both highly desirable skills for a laboratory technician in blood and plasma. No matter how routine a given battery of tests might be a laboratory technician in blood and plasma should be able to devote his entire attention to what he’s doing while he/she keeps an eye out for what may seem like a  minor discrepancy at the time. Oftentimes, it’s theses small details that will be the important facts that he/ she will discover in the course of his/ her work.

DUTIES

A laboratory technician in blood and plasma is tasked to conduct chemical analyses of the blood using microscope or automatic analyzer to detect abnormalities or diseases, and enter findings into the computer. They collect blood samples from patients to observe the principles of asepsis to obtain blood sample. They analyze the results of tests and experiments to ensure conformity to specification, using special mechanical and electrical devices. They analyze and record test date to issue reports that use charts, graphs and narratives. They also set up, adjust, maintain and clean medical laboratory equipment.

SALARY AND JOB OUTLOOK

The median annual wage-and-salary earnings of laboratory technicians in blood and plasma were $49,700 in May 2006. The middle 50 percent earned between $41,680 and $58,560. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $34,660, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $69,260. Employment of laboratory technicians in blood and plasma is expected to grow 14 percent between 2006 and 2016, faster than the average for all occupations. The volume of laboratory tests continues to increase with both population growth and the development of new types of tests.

Biological technicians, which a laboratory technician in artificial breeding is an example, is a type of profession tasked to work with biologists and other scientists to study living organisms. They gather information, materials and samples. A biology technician in artificial breeding performs experiments and tests. They sometimes use robotics, computers, computer-interfaced equipment and high technology industrial applications.

EDUCATION AND TRAININGS REQUIRED

Being a laboratory technician in artificial breeding needs an educational degree. Some employers require biological technicians in artificial breeding to have a bachelor's degree in biology or in a closely related subject. Some employers prefer to hire those who have completed at least two years of specialized postsecondary training or have an associate degree in applied science or science related technology.

ABILITIES AND SKILLS

The laboratory technicians in artificial breeding must have learning strategies in selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation. They must be able to see details in close range since most of the time they will be doing experiments.

DUTIES

Laboratory technicians in artificial breeding are tasked to evaluate organic substances. They monitor experiments and make evaluations. They calculate and record results from experiments. They examine animals and specimens to detect diseases or other problems. They set up, operate and maintain laboratory instruments and equipment. They also isolate, identify and prepare specimens for examination, and they prepare, clean and maintain supplies and work areas.

EARNINGS AND JOB OUTLOOK

In United States of America, the average median annual wage for laboratory technicians in artificial breeding is $35,710. There are about 4,000 job openings in a year and the employment rate is expected to increase at 15% between 2006 and 2016. That means that the opportunities to start a career in this industry is ongoing presently until six years after. The places or countries that have demands on this kind of professionlas are those countires that focus on biotechnology and biological science innovations such as Europe, especially Germany, the United States, and in Asia, Japan, Korea and Singapore.

Plastic surgeons are licensed medical doctors or practitioners who deal with replacing, repairing or reconstructing various parts of the body. The parts of the body that will be under construction or reconstruction are usually the damaged parts through accidents, or parts that are in need of modification due to inborn deformities, as well as as a result of another medical procedure. These are often facial features but can also be other parts of the body, such as the torso or the hand, buttocks and many others as desired by the patients.

EDUCATION AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

Plastic surgeons must complete medical school degree and take the licensure examination and pass. They should also undergo the different in patient case trainings and then embark on a plastic surgery residency period. Residences for plastic surgeons tend to be longer than those for less specialized medical doctors, lasting five to seven years instead of three to seven, with an additional year of residency for any subspecialties.

SKILLS AND ABILITIES

A plastic surgeon is a lover of aesthetics. He/She should be very datailed in doing his work and at the same time taking note of improving the looks of the parts to be done or repaired after a reconstruction. He should be skilled with the use of the surgical tools such as the different knives, cutting tools, dermatome, sutures, forceps and clamps. He/she should coordinate with the anesthesiologist or team on duty within the course of the operation so that the body will remain stable overall within the procedures.

DUTIES

Plastic surgeons must master a multitude of procedures, from relatively simple or cosmetic procedures, such as chemical peels, rhinoplasty and collagen injections, to more complicated and serious procedures such as sexual reassignment surgery and contracture surgery.

SALARY AND JOB OUTLOOK

Plastic surgeons command high annual salaries. The range of salary for plastic surgeons is from $300,000 to $791,510 annually, according to the Association of American Medical Colleges. Also, job prospects for all surgeons are expected to grow 14% in the years from 2006-2016.

Plastic surgery can be a lucrative specialty in medicine. Extra training is required to become a plastic surgeon, but the salaries for plastic surgeons are high. Plastic surgeons tend to deal mainly with either cosmetic surgery or reconstructive surgery, although some surgeons perform both.